The administration of vaccine RESAN in an organism
triggers the immune mechanism to form specific antitumoral T-lymphocytes
(CTLs) against the cells with active telomerase enzyme i. e. cancer
cells. The specific antitumoral T-lymphocyte recognizes the
tumor peptides (each with 8-10 amino acids) represented in a complex
HLA class I molecule on the cancer cell membranes and destroy them.
2. Cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1)
Most of the malignant tumors are hard in consistency.
This is due to the presence
of a strong cellular structure known as the cytoskeleton, which consists
of
proteins – cytokeratins. There are more than 20 known types
of cytokeratins. For
example – the cytokeratin fragment 19 is located in many
of the epithelial malignant cells. With the help of these strong cytokeratins,
the cancer cells displace the normal cells invading new spaces for
their growth into the healthy tissues.
In a healthy person the concentration of cytokeratin-19
in blood serum may deviate from 0.1 to 3.3 ng/mL; thus the normal
(average) concentration of cytokeratin-19 is considered as 2.1 ng/mL
[21]. Today the cytokeratins-19 test is used as a standard tumor marker
for the diagnosis of metastatic growths of cancers from epithelial
cells; this tumor marker has been found elevated in different types
of epithelial cancers: prostate cancers [1], hepatocellular carcinoma
[2, 3, 4], pancreatic carcinoma [5, 6], breast cancer [7, 8, 9], ovarian
adenocarcinoma [10, 11], basal cell carcinoma [12], thyroid tumors
[13], colorectal cancer [7, 14], squamous cell carcinoma of head and
neck [7, 15], neoplastic lymphadenopathies [20], lung carcinoma [7,
17, 18, 19, 20].
The vaccine RESAN is the first cancer vaccine, which
contains, in its chemical composition, the imitators of the protein
fragments of the cellular cytoskeleton located in the malignant tumors.
With the help of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (Hoffman-La
Rosch CYFRA 21-1), it was determined that in a single vial of the
vaccine RESAN (200 mg) the concentration of the cytokeratin-19 was
20 times higher than in the blood serum of a healthy person. This
allows us to use the vaccine to trigger specific antitumor immune
responses against various types of human epithelial tumors. Thus,
the presence of the cytokeratin-19 imitators in the vaccine composition
is one more important factor, which makes it "a cancer vaccine
of wide spectrum".
3. Peptide fragments of 40 most common cancer
specific antigens
In order to intensify and widen the spectrum of the
anti tumor immune responsing capacity of the vaccine even more, other
additional glycoproteins are included in the composition of
vaccine RESAN whose (glycoproteins) peptide fragments are analogous
to some particular fragments of 40 most common cancer antigens (Table
2).
Table 2.
These glycoproteins included in the composition
of the vaccine imitate 6-50 different peptide fragments (each with
7-30 amino acids) of each cancer antigens illustrated above.
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